SPS Corals

What types of corals are considered "SPS corals"?

SPS stands for Small Polyp Stony corals, a group known for their tiny polyps and hard, calcium-based skeletons. Common genera include Acropora, Montipora, Pocillopora, and Stylophora, among others. They typically grow in branching, plating, or encrusting forms and are known for their detailed skeletal structure.

Are SPS corals suitable for beginners?

SPS corals are generally not recommended for beginners. They require stable water chemistry, powerful lighting, strong flow, and consistent maintenance. They're less forgiving of parameter fluctuations than soft corals or LPS corals. However, some SPS species - like Montipora - are relatively more hardy and can be good first choices for intermediate hobbyists with stable, mature tank systems.

How often should I test water parameters for SPS corals?

Consistent water parameters are essential for keeping SPS healthy. Regular testing helps catch fluctuations before they become a problem. Weekly testing is a good starting point, but the ideal frequency depends on your system. You may need to test more often after changes to dosing, equipment, or livestock—or if you notice signs of stress in your corals.

What lighting do SPS corals require?

Most SPS corals require strong, high-intensity lighting to thrive. Exact needs vary by species, so it's important to research specific corals and adjust placement and conditions accordingly. If the coral will be placed in an area with a large difference in lighting intensity, allowing for some acclimation will lower stress on the piece.

How much water flow do SPS corals need?

Strong, turbulent water flow is crucial for SPS corals. They typically require 20-40x tank volume per hour in total flow, delivered in a random, alternating pattern to prevent detritus accumulation and ensure efficient nutrient exchange. Flow should be strong enough to gently sway the coral branches without causing excessive stress. Multiple powerheads, gyre pumps, or wave makers positioned strategically around the tank can create ideal flow patterns that reach all coral colonies.

Can different SPS species be placed near each other?

Different SPS species can be placed together but require careful planning. They often compete aggressively for space, with faster-growing species potentially overgrowing slower ones. Many release allelopathic compounds that can inhibit neighboring corals' growth. Provide at least 4-6 inches between different colonies initially, with room for growth. Monitor interactions closely and be prepared to adjust placement if you notice signs of aggression or decline in any colonies.

Can SPS corals be kept with LPS and soft corals?

Mixed reef systems with SPS, LPS, and soft corals are challenging but possible with careful planning. The main difficulties are different water parameter preferences (SPS typically prefer higher alkalinity and lower nutrient levels) and chemical warfare between corals. If attempting a mixed reef, place SPS in upper regions with stronger light and flow, LPS in mid-levels, and soft corals lower down. Maintain excellent water quality and provide ample spacing between different coral types.

What fish are compatible with SPS-dominated tanks?

For SPS-dominated tanks, choose fish species that won't damage corals and contribute minimal bioload. Good choices include small wrasses, gobies, blennies, cardinalfish, and certain dwarf angels (though watch for nipping behavior). Avoid large angels, most butterflyfish, triggerfish, and puffers which may damage corals. Fish that help control pests like wrasses for flatworms or blennies for algae can be beneficial additions. Always research specific fish species before adding them to your SPS system.